Direct Application Approaches
- Results have direct implication in the industry.
- Research is capital intensive.
- Topics: Silicon Photovoltaics, CPV.

Low-Cost Approaches
- Low capital research and consequently,
  low cost products.
- Has potential to disrupt market.
- Topics: CIGS/CIS Solar Cells, Dye-sensitized
   Solar Cells.

Fundamental Approaches
- Theory and Modeling.
- Stretches basic understanding and challenges
   existing limits.
- Topics: PC1D Enhancement & Modeling,
  Quantum/Nano Devices.